Systems and methods for determining and visually depicting spray band length of an agricultural fluid application system

ABSTRACT

A spraying system for spraying a fluid includes a nozzle assembly configured to spray the fluid in response to receiving a control signal, a sensor configured to transmit a detection signal upon detection of a target, and a user interface configured to receive input from an operator. The spraying system further includes a control system communicatively coupled to the sensor to receive the detection signal from the sensor, the control system configured to transmit the control signal to the nozzle assembly at least in part in response to reception of the detection signal, the control system further configured to determine a fluid band length and an offset distance of the fluid band length from the target based at least in part on information input by the operator to the user interface. The user interface displays a graphic representation of the fluid band length and the offset distance relative to the target.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/343,713, filed on Nov. 4, 2016, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/301,833, filed on Mar. 1,2016, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND

The field of this disclosure relates generally to systems for applyingfluid to agricultural fields and, more particularly, to systems andmethods for determining and visually depicting a spray band lengthrelative to a seed or plant.

In the agricultural industry, agricultural fluids are commonly appliedto fields for a variety of reasons. For example, plants and plantprecursors (e.g., seeds) are often sprayed with an agricultural fluid atthe time of planting to enhance germination and early development.Agricultural fluids include, without limitation, spray fertilizers,pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, growth promoter, and/or growthregulator.

Typically, systems for applying fluid to fields include a manifold,e.g., a boom, and a plurality of nozzle assemblies that receive thefluid from the manifold for applying to the field. In at least someknown systems, the fluid is delivered to the manifold through an inletlocated between opposed ends of the manifold. The fluid travelslongitudinally through the manifold from the inlet toward the opposedends. As the fluid flows towards the opposed ends, a portion of thefluid is directed out of the manifold towards the nozzle assemblies forapplication to the fields. Typical systems for applying fluid to fieldsdo not provide a system or method for determining a spray band lengthand distance relative to a seed or plant based on information supplied,at least in part, from an operator. Typical systems further do notdisplay a spray band length and distance relative to a seed or plantvisually to the operator.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a system that determines a sprayband length for a seed planting and agricultural spraying system.Moreover, the system should facilitate conveyance of this information toan operator of the seed planting and agricultural spraying system.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In one aspect, a spraying system for spraying a fluid is provided. Thespraying system includes a nozzle assembly configured to spray the fluidin response to receiving a control signal, a sensor configured totransmit a detection signal upon detection of a target, and a userinterface configured to receive input from an operator. The sprayingsystem further includes a control system communicatively coupled to thesensor to receive the detection signal from the sensor and configured totransmit the control signal to the nozzle assembly at least in part inresponse to reception of the detection signal. The control system isfurther configured to determine a fluid band length and an offsetdistance of the fluid band length from the target based at least in parton information input by the operator to the user interface. The userinterface displays a graphic representation of the fluid band length andthe offset distance relative to the target.

In another aspect, a method for determining and displayingcharacteristics of a spraying system to a user of the spraying system isprovided. The spraying system is configured to apply fluid to a targetwith a nozzle assembly including a nozzle and a valve. The methodincludes receiving, at a control system configured to control the nozzleassembly, information from a user interface communicatively coupled tothe control system. The information includes target populationinformation, application rate information, pressure set pointinformation, and target speed information corresponding to a targettravel speed of the spraying system. The method also includesdetermining, based at least in part on the information received from theuser interface, a fluid band length of fluid dispensed by the nozzleassembly and an offset distance between the fluid and the target, anddisplaying, on the user interface, a graphic representation of the fluidband length and the offset distance relative to the target.

In a further aspect, a planter system for planting seeds and spraying afluid is provided. The planter system includes a seeder assemblyincluding a seed meter configured to dispense seeds through a seed tube.The planter system also includes a nozzle assembly configured to spraythe fluid in response to receiving a control signal, a sensor configuredto transmit a detection signal upon detection of a seed passing throughthe seed tube, and a user interface configured to receive input from anoperator. The planter further includes a control system communicativelycoupled to the sensor to receive the detection signal from the sensor.The control system is configured to transmit the control signal to thenozzle assembly at least in part in response to reception of thedetection signal, and to determine a fluid band length and an offsetdistance of the fluid band length from a target seed dispensed from theplanter system based at least in part on information input by theoperator to the user interface. The user interface displays a graphicrepresentation of the fluid band length and the offset distance relativeto the target seed.

Various refinements exist of the features noted in relation to theabove-mentioned aspects. Further features may also be incorporated inthe above-mentioned aspects as well. These refinements and additionalfeatures may exist individually or in any combination. For instance,various features discussed below in relation to any of the illustratedembodiments may be incorporated into any of the above-described aspects,alone or in any combination.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side schematic view of an embodiment of a seed planting andagricultural spraying system connected to a motorized vehicle.

FIG. 2 is a side view of a portion of the seed planting and agriculturalspraying system shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is schematic view of a portion of the seed planting andagricultural spraying system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a view of a user interface of the seed planting andagricultural spraying system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the seed planting and agricultural sprayingsystem shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of determining and visually depictingspray band length of the seed planting and agricultural spraying systemshown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 7 is another view of the user interface of the seed planting andagricultural spraying system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring now to FIG. 1, a seed planting and agricultural sprayingsystem, or planter, 112 (shown schematically in FIG. 1) is shownconnected to a motorized vehicle 10. The motorized vehicle 10 iscoupled, fixedly or removably, to seed planting and agriculturalspraying system 112 and provides locomotion to seed planting andagricultural spraying system 112 and/or otherwise controls components ofseed planting and agricultural spraying system 112. In the illustratedembodiment, motorized vehicle 10 is a tractor, although any othersuitable vehicles or machines may be used to provide locomotion to seedplanting and agricultural spraying system 112 and provide for control ofseed planting and agricultural spraying system 112. In some embodiments,one or more components of the seed planting and agricultural sprayingsystem 112 may be incorporated into the motorized vehicle 10 withoutdeparting from some aspects of this disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 1, the motorized vehicle 10 includes a pair of frontwheels 16, a pair or rear wheels 18, and a chassis 20 coupled to andsupported by the wheels 16, 18. A cab 22 is supported by a portion ofthe chassis 20 and houses various control devices 24 for permitting anoperator to control operation of the motorized vehicle 10. In someembodiments, control devices 24 may also permit control of the seedplanting and agricultural spraying system 112. The motorized vehicle 10also includes an engine 26 and a transmission 28 mounted on the chassis20. The transmission 28 is operably coupled to the engine 26 andprovides variably adjusted gear ratios for transferring engine power tothe wheels 18 via an axle/differential 30. Additionally, as shown inFIG. 1, the motorized vehicle 10 may be configured to be coupled to theseed planting and agricultural spraying system 112 via a suitablecoupling 32 such that the vehicle 10 may pull the seed planting andagricultural spraying system 112 as it moves in a travel direction(indicated by arrow 34) along a field 102. It should be understood thatany other suitable vehicle or machine may be used to provide locomotionto seed planting and agricultural spraying system 112 and provide forcontrol of seed planting and agricultural spraying system 112. In someembodiments, for example, vehicle 10 may include tracks instead of or inaddition front wheels 16 and/or wheels 18. Additionally, in someembodiments, vehicle 10 may be an autonomous vehicle with no cab 22.

Referring to FIG. 2, seed planting and agricultural spraying systemincludes a plurality of row units 114. Row units 114 are configured toat least spray a fluid on and/or adjacent to seeds and/or plants and, insome embodiments, are configured to plant seeds and spray the fluid onand/or adjacent to the seeds. Seed planting and agricultural sprayingsystem 112 further includes a control system and a user interface (shownin FIGS. 4 and 5) for controlling row units 114 and displaying relatedinformation. The control system and user interface determine a sprayband length and a position of the spray band relative to a seed orplant, and convey this information to an operator of the seed plantingand agricultural spraying system. The control system and user interfaceare located in a cab or other occupant space (e.g., cab 22) for theoperator of seed planting and agricultural spraying system 112. Inalternative embodiments, the control system and/or user interface arelocated remote from row units 114 and an associated vehicle and allowfor remote control of row units 114.

Row unit 114 is configured to create a furrow 138 using a furrowcreation device, to meter and dispense seeds into the furrow 138 from aseed hopper 148 using a seed tube 152, and to spray a fluid F using anozzle assembly 178. Row unit 114 may include any number of componentssuch that row unit 114 performs these functions for a single row or aplurality of rows simultaneously. For example, in some embodiments, rowunit 114 includes a plurality of furrow creation devices, seed tubes 152fed from seed hoppers 148 (e.g., each seed hopper 148 fed from a single,shared master seed hopper, not shown), and nozzle assemblies 178 alongthe track of row unit 114 and planter 112. Planter 112 includes a frame136 extending along the width of the planter 112 (e.g., in a directiontransverse to the travel of planter 112, in other words parallel to thetrack length of planter 112) that supports row units 114.

The furrow creation device of planter 112 is configured to create atrench or furrow 138 within the ground for planting seeds 146. Inseveral embodiments, the furrow creation device includes a pair oflaterally spaced opening discs 140, a pair of laterally spaced closingdiscs 142 and a press wheel 144. The opening discs 140 are configured toopen a furrow 138 within the ground. Seeds 146 are deposited into thefurrow 138 (e.g., by seed tube 152), and closing discs 142 areconfigured to close furrow 138 over seeds 146. Press wheel 144 isconfigured to compact the soil that has been closed over seeds 146. Inalternative embodiments, furrow creation device may include othersuitable components for creating furrow 138. In further alternativeembodiments, planter 112 does not include a furrow creation device butrather plants and/or sprays in an existing furrow 138 (e.g., created byanother machine).

Row unit 114 includes a seeder assembly 190 including seed hopper 148, aseed meter 150, and seed tube 152. Seed hopper 148, seed meter 150, andseed tube 152 are configured to dispense seeds 146 into furrow 138. Forexample, seed hopper 148 is any suitable container or other storagedevice configured for storing and dispensing seeds 146 into seed meter150. Seed meter 150 is any suitable seed meter configured to dispenseseeds 146 into seed tube 152 at a metered rate. In one embodiment, seedmeter 150 includes a housing and a seed plate or disc rotatablysupported within the housing. The seed disc includes a plurality ofindentions, channels and/or other suitable recessed features that arespaced apart from one another around the seed disc (e.g., in a circulararray) to allow seeds 146 to be dispensed at a given frequency.Specifically, each recessed feature is configured to grab a single seed146 (e.g., via a vacuum applied to the recessed feature) as suchrecessed feature is rotated past the location at which seeds 146 are fedinto the housing from seed hopper 148. As the seed disc is rotated,seeds 146 are carried by the recessed features and dispensed into seedtube 152. The metered rate may be predetermined, set, changed, orotherwise controlled (e.g., by the control system of planter 112 ormechanically based on a rate of travel of row unit 114). Seeds 146 aredispensed from seed tube 152 into furrow 138. For example, at a givenrotational speed for the seed disc, the seed meter 150 dispenses seeds146 at a constant frequency. When planter 112 travels at a constantspeed, seeds 146 are spaced apart equally from one another within furrow138. As the travel speed of the planter 112 increases or decreases, therotational speed of the seed disc must also be increased or decreased tomaintain equal spacing or a predetermined spacing of seeds 146 withinthe furrow 138. Such variation of the rotational speed of the seed discis provided by a drive system 160 and/or controlled by a control systemof planter 112.

Drive system 160 is or includes any suitable device and/or combinationof devices configured to rotate the seed disc of seed meter 150. In theillustrated embodiment, for example, drive system 160 is asprocket/chain arrangement including a drive shaft 162, a first sprocket164 coupled to drive shaft 162, a second sprocket 166 coupled to theseed disc (e.g., via a shaft 168) and a chain 170 coupled between thefirst and second sprockets 164, 166. Drive shaft 162 is configured torotate first sprocket 164, which, in turn, rotates second sprocket 166via chain 170. Rotation of second sprocket 166 results in rotation ofshaft 168 and, thus, rotation of the seed disc within the housing ofseed meter 150. Drive system 160 further includes a motor 172 (e.g., anelectric or hydraulic motor) rotatably coupled to drive shaft 162 thatis configured to be controlled by the control system of planter 112.Specifically, the control system is configured to receive signalsassociated with the travel speed of planter 112 from a sensor or othersuitable device (e.g., an encoder or shaft sensor, global positioningsystem receiver, or other device) and regulate the rotational speed ofmotor 172 based on the travel speed of planter 112 such that a desiredseed spacing is achieved or maintained. In alternative embodiments,drive system 160 is or includes other components or devices. Forexample, drive system 160 may be configured to rotate the seed discthrough a connection with one or more wheels or other rotating featuresof planter 112. A transmission, clutch, and/or other components may beused to regulate the rotational speed of the seed disc and thereforeachieve or maintain desired seed spacing.

In alternative embodiments, row unit 114 is or includes other suitablecomponents for dispensing seeds 146. In further alternative embodiments,planter 112 does not include seed hopper 148, a seed meter 150, seedtube 152, or other components for dispensing seeds 146, and insteadsprays existing seeds 146 or existing plants. In such embodiments, rowunit 114 does not include seeder assembly 190.

Row unit 114 further includes at least one nozzle assembly 178configured to spray fluid F. Nozzle assembly 178 sprays fluid F, or acombination of fluids, on, adjacent to, or otherwise in relation toseeds 146 dispensed by seed tube 152 or existing plants. Nozzle assembly178 includes a spray nozzle 180 and a valve 182 (e.g., a solenoidvalve). Nozzle 180 is any suitable spray nozzle suitable for anagricultural spraying system. Valve 182 is configured to be mounted toand/or integrated within a portion of spray nozzle 180 or nozzleassembly 178 using any suitable mounting configuration and/or any othersuitable configuration that permits control of the flow of fluid Fthrough the nozzle 180. For example, valve 182 is a solenoid valvepositioned relative to spray nozzle 180 and controlled by the controlsystem of planter 112 such that flow of fluid F through spray nozzle 180is modified using pulse width modulation (PWM) control of valve 182. Inother embodiments, valve 182 may be located remote from nozzle 180. Insome embodiments, for example, valve 182 may be mounted or coupled tothe boom pipe or manifold used to supply fluid to nozzle assemblies 178.In some embodiments, nozzle assembly 178 also includes a spray tip 234(shown in FIG. 3) coupled to spray nozzle 180 and configured to producea desired spray pattern.

Fluid F is supplied to nozzle assembly 178 from any suitable fluidsource (not shown), such as a fluid tank, via a pipe such as a boompipe, manifold, or other suitable flow conduit. In addition, a pump (notshown), such as a centrifugal pump, may be positioned upstream of thenozzle assembly 178 for pumping fluid F from the fluid source to thenozzle assembly 178. Alternatively, the pump may be positioned between afluid reservoir and a boom pipe which is in fluid communication with aplurality of nozzle assemblies 178. The pump pressurizes the boom pipewith fluid from the reservoir and nozzle assembly 178 and/or valves 182controls flow of the pressurized fluid through spray nozzle 180. In someembodiments, row unit 114 includes a plurality of nozzle assemblies 178for spraying fluid in parallel rows. In further embodiments, a singlenozzle assembly 178 is configured to spray fluid in two or more parallelrows. In still further embodiments, row unit 114 includes a plurality ofnozzle assemblies 178 positioned to spray a single row (e.g., furrow).For example, each nozzle assembly 178 may spray a different fluid andmay be controlled, by the control system of planter 112, together orindividually (e.g., allowing for different spray band lengths and/oroffset distances from seeds 146).

Referring now to FIG. 3, seed planting and agricultural spraying system112 further includes a spraying assembly 210 that includes a manifold236 (e.g., a boom pipe) which supplies fluid F and/or other fluids tonozzle assembly 178. Manifold 236 is coupled to a pump and/or fluidreservoir and is pressurized (e.g., by the pump). Manifold 236 iscoupled to nozzle assembly 178 by a suitable fluid conduit 228, such asa pipe or hose. Valve 182 of nozzle assembly 178 controls the flow offluid F from fluid conduit 228 to nozzle 180 and spray tip 234 asdescribed herein. For example, a controller 222 and/or the controlsystem of planter 112 sends a pulse width modulated signal to a solenoidvalve 182 to control flow of fluid F to nozzle 180. Spray tip 234 isconfigured to produce a specified spray pattern. The spray pattern maybe pressure dependent. Controller 222 and/or the control system may beconfigured to control the pressure in manifold 236 to achieve a desiredspray pattern in combination with spray tip 234. In some embodiments,spray tip 234 is interchangeable with other spray tips configured toproduce varying spray patterns. The type of spray tip 234 and/orparameters describing the spray pattern produced by spray tip 234 may beentered into controller 222 and/or the control system by an operator viaa user interface, for example, using a tip calibration screen (shown inFIG. 7). Other operating parameters, such as fluid flow rate, fluidpressure, seed population, and speed or velocity of the planter 112 orrow unit 114, may be determined by and/or input to controller 222 and/orthe control system (e.g., by an operator using a user interface).Controller 222 and/or the control system may use this information indetermining spray band length of fluid F and/or the offset of the sprayband from seeds 146. Spray band length refers to the length of the fluidspray band, measured in the direction of travel of row unit 114 andplanter 112, discharged or dispensed by nozzle assembly 178 during asingle on-cycle of valve 182.

Still referring to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, spraying assembly 210,including nozzle assembly 178, is configured to spray fluid F on and/oradjacent to seed 146 using, in part, one or more sensors. In theillustrated embodiment, for example, spraying assembly 210 includes aseed sensor 250. Seed sensor 250 is configured to sense, at least, whenseed 146 passes through and/or exits seed tube 152. For example, sensor250 may be an optical sensor (e.g., a camera) or a beam break sensor(e.g., infrared beam break sensor) producing a beam which when brokensends a signal (e.g., a change in voltage). Seed sensor 250 may be amechanical sensor which at least partially obstructs seed tube 152 andthat produces a signal (e.g., change in voltage) when seed 146 contactsor moves the mechanical sensor. In alternative embodiments, othersuitable sensor(s) are used to detect when seed 146 exits seed tube 152.In further embodiments, sensor 250 is configured to determine a locationof seed 146 in furrow 38. For example, sensor 250 may be or include acamera which images seed 146 in furrow 38. Additionally oralternatively, spraying assembly 210 may include a second sensor, suchas a camera 252, configured to capture one or more images of each seed146 after it is dispensed from seed tube 152 and/or as it is beingsprayed by the nozzle assembly(ies) 178. Additional details andoperation of seed sensor 250 and camera 252 are described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/857,348, filed Apr. 5, 2013, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Using imagerecognition techniques, distance calculating techniques, and/or a timewhen seed 146 leaves seed tube 152, the location of seed 146 may bedetermined. Sensor(s) 250, 252 may send a signal to a controller 222and/or a control system (shown in FIG. 5) of planter 112 for use incontrolling spraying assembly 210, such as when to actuate valve 180 onnozzle assembly 178.

Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 use informationreceived from sensor(s) 250, 252 to control spraying assembly 210.Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 controls nozzleassembly 178 to spray fluid F on or adjacent to seed 146.

Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 may beconfigured to determine when to open and close valve 182 by analyzingvarious operating parameters of planter 112, which may be pre-storedwithin the controller's memory and/or received by the controller 222and/or control system as an input. For example, operating parameters mayinclude, but are not limited to, the vertical distance from the top ofseed tube 152 to furrow 138, the vertical distance each seed 146 fallsbetween the sensor 250 and the furrow 138, the vertical distance betweenan outlet of nozzle assembly 178 (e.g., spray tip 234, if connected) andfurrow 138, a horizontal distance between an outlet of seed tube 152 andan outlet of nozzle assembly 178, an angle at which nozzle assembly 178is oriented relative to field 102, the speed of row unit 114 and/or anyother suitable operating parameters. Based on such analysis, controller222 and/or the control system may be configured to calculate a suitabletime delay for actuating valve 182 (e.g., the amount of time betweenwhen the sensor 250 detects a seed 146 and when valve 182 is opened tospray fluid F on and/or adjacent to each seed 146).

Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 may also oralternatively be configured to control the operation of valve 182 suchthat a specific volume of fluid F is applied on and/or adjacent to eachseed 146. Controller 222 and/or the control system may be configured toanalyze one or more operating parameters in order to determine theduration of a valve pulse (e.g., the amount of time valve 182 is opened)to achieve a desired spray volume for each seed 146. Such operatingparameters may include, but are not limited to, the pressure of thefluid F supplied to valve 182, the configuration of valve 182 (e.g., thesizes of the inlet and/or outlet of the valve 182), the configuration ofnozzle assembly 178 (e.g., spray tip 234 orifice size), the speed V ofrow unit 114 and/or any other suitable operating parameters. Controller222 and/or the control system may be configured to control the durationof the valve pulse in a manner that allows the same volume of fluid F tobe sprayed on and/or adjacent to each seed 146.

Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 may also oralternatively be configured to control the operation of valve 182 suchthat fluid F is applied beginning at a specific offset distance fromseed 146, an existing plant, or other target. For example, the offsetdistance may be measured from seed 146 extending in the direction oftravel of row unit 114 and planter 112. An offset distance of 0 resultsin fluid F being applied substantially at seed 146 with fluid extendinga spray band length in the direction of travel. An offset distance ofgreater than 0 results in an offset between seed 146 and the point atwhich fluid F is applied, such that a gap exists between seed 146 andfluid F, with fluid F extending from the end of the gap and in thedirection of travel. An offset distance of less than 0 results in anegative offset such that fluid F is applied on or under seed 146 andextends in both directions from seed 146 (e.g., the direction of traveland the opposite direction). The offset distance may be provided tocontroller 222 and/or the control system from an operator via a userinterface (shown in FIGS. 4 and 5). Controller 222 and/or the controlsystem may be configured to control the timing of the valve pulse sentto valve 182 such that valve 182 opens and closes at a time relative toseed 146 being dispensed that generates the offset of fluid F describedherein.

Alternatively, controller 222 and/or the control system may beconfigured to implement a fixed application approach, wherein valve 182is operated at a constant pulse duration. In such an embodiment, thespecific volume of fluid F applied on and/or adjacent to each seed 146may generally vary depending on the speed V of row unit 114 and/or thepressure of the fluid F supplied to valve 182.

Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 determines thespray band length of fluid F and the position of the spray band relativeto seed 146, as described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 5and 6. Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 displaysthis information to the operator of planter 112 using a user interface(shown in FIG. 5). Based on this information, the operator may be ableto manually adjust the settings of the spraying assembly 210 and/orplanter 112 to achieve desired spray characteristics, such as a desiredspray band length and/or a desired spacing between the spray band and aseed, plant, or other target ahead of or behind the spray band relativeto the direction of travel of row unit 114 and planter 112. For example,an operator may adjust, using the control system, the pressure and/orflow rate of the fluid F supplied to the valve 182, the duration of thevalve 182 pulse (e.g., the amount of time valve 182 is open for eachspray), the volume of fluid F being sprayed and/or any other suitableoperating parameter. The operator may further adjust other settingsand/or parameters such as the speed of planter 112 to adjust the sprayband length of fluid F and/or the offset of the spray band from seeds146. In some embodiments, controller 222 and/or the control system ofplanter 112 display images, captured by sensors 250 and/or 252, of seeds146 and the spraying of fluid F to an operator of planter 112 allowingfor further adjustment of spraying assembly 210 and/or other systems.

Moreover, in one embodiment, the controller 222 and/or the controlsystem may also be configured to control a flow rate of the fluid Fsupplied to valve 182 by controlling the operation of a suitable flowregulating valve. For example, controller 222 and/or the control systemmay be configured to determine the flow rate of the fluid F suppliedthrough the fluid conduit 228 based on inputs received from one or moresuitable meters and/or sensors positioned upstream of valve 182, such asone or more turbine meters associated with a pump supplying manifold236, one or more tank level meters associated with a fluid source orreservoir supplying manifold 236, one or more flow meters associatedwith fluid conduit 228, one or more pressure sensors and/or othersensors. In addition, controller 222 and/or the control system may alsobe configured to receive user inputs, from a user interface,corresponding to a desired flow rate for spraying assembly 210.Accordingly, based on such inputs, the controller 222 and/or the controlsystem may be configured to control the operation of the flow regulatingvalve so as to maintain the fluid F supplied to valve 182 at the desiredflow rate. Controller 222 and/or the control system of planter 112 mayfurther use these inputs to determine the spray band length of fluid Fsprayed by spraying assembly 210.

Further, in one embodiment, controller 222 and/or the control system mayalso be configured to control the pressure of the fluid F supplied tovalve 182. For example, one or more pressure sensors may be configuredto monitor the pressure of the fluid F and transmit pressuremeasurements to controller 222 and/or the control system. The controller222 and/or the control system may, in turn, be configured to pulse valve182 at a suitable frequency and/or duty cycle in order to maintain aspecific pressure upstream of valve 182, such as within fluid conduit228 or manifold 236. Such pressure based control may allow controller222 and/or the control system to vary the amount of fluid F beingsprayed on and/or adjacent to each seed 146 while operating valve 182 ata constant pulse duration.

Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 5, in some embodiments, controller 222 isimplemented as part of control system 400 of planter 112 and is not astandalone controller. In alternative embodiments, controller 222 is incommunication with control system 400 of planter 112 (e.g., via a databus). Controller 222 and/or control system 400 may generally be orinclude any suitable computer and/or other processing unit, includingany suitable combination of computers, processing units and/or the likethat may be operated independently or in connection within one another.Controller 222 and/or control system 400 may include one or moreprocessor(s) 402 and associated memory device(s) 404 configured toperform a variety of computer-implemented functions (e.g., performingthe calculations, determinations, and functions disclosed herein). Asused herein, the term “processor” refers not only to integratedcircuits, but also refers to a controller, a microcontroller, amicrocomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an applicationspecific integrated circuit, and other programmable circuits.Additionally, the memory device(s) 404 of the controller 222 and/orcontrol system 400 may generally be or include memory element(s)including, but not limited to, computer readable medium (e.g., randomaccess memory (RAM)), computer readable non-volatile medium (e.g., aflash memory), a floppy disk, a compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM),a magneto-optical disk (MOD), a digital versatile disc (DVD) and/orother suitable memory elements. Such memory device(s) 404 may generallybe configured to store suitable computer-readable instructions that,when implemented by the processor(s), configure or cause controller 222and/or control system 400 to perform various functions described hereinincluding, but not limited to, controlling seeder assembly 190 (shown inFIG. 2), controlling the operation of valve 182, calculating time delaysfor valve 182, controlling a flow rate of the fluid F supplied to valve182, controlling the pressure of the fluid F supplied to valve 182,determining a spray band length of fluid F, determining a position ofthe spray band of fluid F (e.g., the coverage on the ground) relative toseed 146, receiving inputs from user interface 406, providing output toan operator via user interface 406, receiving data from sensor(s) 250,and/or various other suitable computer-implemented functions.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a user interface display 300 displayed by userinterface 406 (shown in FIG. 5) is shown according to one embodiment.User interface display 300 includes a page 301 configured to display andreceive information, a navigation toolbar 334 configured to switchbetween display of different pages 301, and a system toolbar 336 fornavigating between different systems of planter 112 and/or row unit 114.

Pages 301 include placement settings page 301. Placement settings page301 includes a plurality of fields 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330,and 332. Placement settings page 301 further includes a graphicalrepresentation 302 corresponding to the information in the plurality offields 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332 and a fluid or spray bandlength (e.g., squirt length) determined by controller 222 and/or thecontrol system of planter 112 (shown in FIG. 5), as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

Fields 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332 are configured toallow for the display and/or entering of information. For example,fields 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332 are selectable by apress on a touch screen of user interface 406 or a click with a cursorcontrolled by a mouse of user interface 406. Once selected, fields 318,320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332 receive information from atouchscreen keyboard, keyboard, or other device of user interface 406.In alternative embodiments, one or more fields 318, 320, 322, 324, 326,328, 330, and 332 are replaced by other graphical user interfaceelements such as drop down menus, a series of radio buttons andcorresponding values, sliders, and/or other graphical user interfaceelements. In some embodiments, squirt length field 332 is not editableand does not receive information, and instead only displays informationrelated to the spray band length (e.g., squirt length) as determined bycontroller 222 and/or the control system of row unit 114 or planter 112.In other embodiments, squirt length field 332 is editable, and canreceive information regarding a length of fluid (e.g., in inches orcentimeters) to be applied to each seed.

Population field 318 is configured to allow an operator to enterinformation regarding the number of seeds 146 (shown in FIG. 2) to beplanted. For example, population field 318 allows an operator to enter,using user interface 406, a number of seeds 146 to be planted per acre(or other unit area, such as square meters). Number of row units field320 is configured to allow an operator to enter information regardingthe number of rows of seeds 146 to be planted. For example, number ofrow units field 320 allows an operator to enter, using user interface406, a number of row units 114 included in system 100. In otherembodiments, number of row units field 320 may be a number of rows fieldthat allows an operator to enter, using user interface 406, a number ofrows as a dimensionless value. In yet other embodiments, number of rowunits field 320 is not editable. Rather, controller 222 and/or thecontrol system of row unit 114 or planter 112 determines the number ofrows based on other information using techniques described herein andnumber of row units field 320 displays this information. Planter widthfield 322 is configured to allow an operator to enter informationregarding the planter width. For example, planter width field 322 allowsan operator to enter, using user interface 406, a planter width ininches (or other unit length, such as centimeters or meters).Application rate field 324 is configured to allow an operator to enterinformation regarding the application rate of fluid F (shown in FIG. 2).For example, application rate field 324 allows an operator to enter,using user interface 406, an application rate of fluid F in gallons peracre (or any other suitable unit volume per unit area). In otherembodiments, application rate field 324 allows an operator to enter,using user interface 406, an application rate of fluid F in units ofvolume per seed, such as milliliters or ounces per seed. Pressure setpoint field 326 is configured to allow an operator to enter informationregarding a desired or target operating pressure of fluid F. Forexample, pressure set point field 326 allows an operator to enter, usinguser interface 406, a desired pressure set point of fluid F withinmanifold 236 (shown in FIG. 3) in pounds per square inch (or othersuitable units of pressure). Target speed field 328 is configured toallow an operator to enter information regarding the speed of planter112 and/or row unit 114. For example, target speed field 328 allows anoperator to enter, using user interface 406, a speed in miles per houror kilometers per hour. Distance from seed field 330 is configured toallow an operator to enter information regarding the distance from seed146 at which a band of applied fluid F begins (e.g., the distance fluidF, as applied, is offset from seed 146). For example, distance from seedfield 330 allows an operator to enter, using user interface 406, adesired offset distance in inches (or other suitable unit length, suchas centimeters or meters).

Graphical representation 302 corresponds to the information in theplurality of fields 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332 and a sprayband length (e.g., squirt length) determined by controller 222 and/orthe control system of planter 112 (shown in FIG. 5), and depicts thefluid band length and offset distance graphically (i.e., with a visualgraphic). Graphical representation 302 includes first seed graphic 304,second seed graphic 306, third seed graphic 308 (e.g., seed graphics304, 306, 308 corresponding to seeds 146), a distance 310 between seeds146, a fluid band length graphic 312, an offset distance graphic 314,and a direction of travel graphic 316. In some embodiments, elements ofgraphical representation 302 are static, while others are dynamicallyupdated to reflect changes in operating conditions of planter 112, suchas the spray band length and the offset distance between spray band andseeds 146. In one embodiment, for example, the location and spacing ofseed graphics 304, 306, 308 are static, and the fluid band lengthgraphic 312 and offset distance graphic 314 are updated to reflectchanges in spray band length and offset distance. In another embodiment,the distance 310 between seed graphics 304, 306, 308 is updated toreflect changes in the spacing between seeds 146 dispensed by planter112. In alternative embodiments, graphical representation 302 scrolls orotherwise is active as row unit 114 and/or planter 112 travels.

First seed graphic 304 corresponds to a seed 146 which has not beendispensed and indicates the location where the seed will be dispensed.Alternatively, first seed graphic 304 represents the most recentlydispensed seed 146 closest to row unit 114 and/or planter 112 travellingin the direction indicated by travel direction graphic 316. In someembodiments, first seed graphic 304 corresponds to a seed 146 for whicha corresponding amount of fluid F has not yet been sprayed. First seedgraphic 304 is separated from second seed graphic 306 by distance 310.Second seed graphic 306 corresponds to a seed 146 which has already beendispensed and for which a corresponding amount of fluid F has alreadybeen sprayed or a corresponding amount of fluid F is being sprayed.Distance 310 reflects the distance between the two seeds 146. Third seedgraphic 308 represents a third seed 146 for which a corresponding amountof fluid F has already been sprayed. Third seed graphic 308 is separatedfrom second seed graphic 306 also by distance 310. In some embodimentsdistance 310 is to scale and corresponds to the distance between seeds146 which have been dispensed. In alternative embodiments, distance 310is not to scale.

Fluid band length graphic 312 corresponds to the value displayed insquirt length field 332. Offset distance graphic 314 corresponds to thevalue displayed in distance from seed field 330. As the values in theircorresponding fields change, fluid band length graphic 312 and offsetdistance graphic 314 change in length and/or position, relative tosecond seed graphic 306, within graphical representation 302. Offsetdistance graphic 314 and fluid band length graphic 312 are shown atscale (e.g., the same scale at which distance 310 is shown).Advantageously, this allows an operator to determine if fluid F is beingapplied as desired; to change parameters entered in one or more offields 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, and 332; and to view theeffect of the changed parameters on both the fluid band length (e.g.,both in length and position relative to seeds 146) and the offsetdistance. In alternative embodiments, fluid band length graphic 312and/or offset distance graphic 314 are not shown to scale or are shownat a different scale than that with which distance 310 is shown.

Should the calculated fluid band length graphic 312 become large enoughto violate the offset distance graphic 314 of the former or later seeds146 dropping or to be dropped, associated with seed graphics 308 and 304respectively, a positive warning graphic is displayed on the userinterface graphic 301 giving indication of a possible unintended errorcondition. This warning allows an operator to change one or moreparameters, if desired, to prevent fluid F from being dispensed withinan offset distance associated with an adjacent seed 146. For example,controller 222 or the control system of planter 112 (shown in FIG. 5)determines the fluid band length, offset distance, and distance betweenseeds 146 as described herein. Controller 222 or the control systemfurther determines if the sum of the fluid band length and the offsetdistance is greater than the distance between seeds 146 such thatspraying a first seed (e.g., associated with seed graphic 306) wouldresult in fluid F contacting an adjacent seed 146 (e.g., associated withseed graphic 306). In response to determining that fluid F will come incontact with an adjacent seed 146, controller 222 or the control systemcauses the user interface to convey a warning. In some embodiments,controller 222 or the control system further determines if the sum ofthe fluid band length and the offset distance is greater than athreshold value such that spraying a first seed would result in fluid Ffalling within an offset distance associated with an adjacent seed 146.In response to determining that fluid F will fall within the offsetdistance of an adjacent seed 146, controller 222 or the control systemcauses the user interface to convey a warning. In some embodiments, theuser interface conveys the warning graphically (e.g., displaying awarning graphic and/or text), through an audible sound (e.g., playing atone, sound, voice recording, etc.), providing haptic feedback (e.g., avibration provided via a vibration motor included in the user interface)and/or through other visual, aural, or tactile outputs.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of planter 112 according to one embodiment.Control system 400 of planter 112 is coupled to seeder assembly 190,user interface 406, and nozzle assembly 178. Control system 400 isconfigured to control these and/or other components to perform thefunctions described herein. Seeder assembly 190 includes motor 72 asdescribed with reference to FIG. 2. Control system 400 controls motor 72to control the rate at which seeds 146 (shown in FIG. 2) are dispensedand/or otherwise controls seeder assembly 190 to perform the functionsdescribed herein. Control system 400 further controls nozzle assembly178 to perform the functions described herein such as controlling whenfluid F (shown in FIG. 2) is sprayed, controlling for what length oftime fluid F is sprayed, and/or other functions of nozzle assembly 178described herein. For example, control system 400 controls valve 182using pulse width modulation as described herein.

Control system 400 includes processor 402 and memory 404. As describedabove, processor 402 and memory 404 are configured to cause controlsystem 400 to perform the functions described herein. For example,memory 404 may include programs, instructions, formulas, look up tables,databases, and/or other information which, when executed or otherwiseutilized by processor 402, cause performance of the functions of planter112 and/or row unit 114 described herein.

User interface 406 is configured to receive information from an operatorand to provide information to the operator. For example, and withoutlimitation, user interface 406 includes input devices including akeyboard, mouse, touchscreen, joystick(s), throttle(s), buttons,switches, and/or other input devices. For example, and withoutlimitation, user interface includes output devices including a display(e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD), or an organic light emittingdiode (OLED) display), speakers, indicator lights, instruments, and/orother output devices. Control system 400 uses information stored inmemory 404 to generate user interface display 300 (shown in FIG. 4) andto receive information from the operator and display information to theoperator.

Control system 400 is configured to receive information from userinterface 406 including fluid volume information, seed volumeinformation, main pressure information, speed information, and distancefrom seed information. Fluid volume information is information thatcontrol system 400 uses to determine the volume of fluid F to be sprayedon or adjacent to each seed, plant, or other target (e.g., using one ormore of the techniques described herein). For example, fluid volumeinformation includes a seed population in thousands of seeds per acre, anumber of rows to be sprayed, planter width in inches, an applicationrate in gallons per acre, and/or other information. Seed volumeinformation is information that control system 400 uses to determine thedistance between seeds 146 (e.g., using one or more of the techniquesdescribed herein). For example, seed volume information includes a seedpopulation in thousands of seeds per acre, a number of rows to besprayed, planter width in inches, and/or other information. Mainpressure information is information that describes, or is used bycontrol system 400 to determine, a pressure at which fluid F is suppliedto nozzle assembly 178 (shown in FIG. 2). For example, main pressureinformation includes a pressure in pounds per square inch of fluid F inmanifold 236 (shown in FIG. 3) that supplies nozzle assembly 178. Speedinformation is information that describes the speed of row unit 114and/or planter 112. For example, speed information is a speed in milesper hour. Distance from seed (e.g., offset) information is informationthat specifies a distance between fluid F as applied and seed 146. Forexample, distance from seed information is in inches. Distance from seedor offset distance information is used by control system 400 todetermine the distance between fluid F, as applied, and seed 146.Control system 400 may also use this information to control valveassembly 178 to spray fluid F such that fluid F, as applied, is offsetfrom seed 146 by the specified distance (e.g., using one or more of thetechniques described herein).

Control system 400 is configured to display information to an operatorusing user interface 406. The information displayed includes fluidsquirt length and fluid position relative to at least one seed 146,plant or other target. The information displayed may also include volumeinformation, main pressure information, speed information, and distancefrom seed information. Control system 400 displays fluid squirt length(e.g., fluid band length) and fluid offset distance graphically (e.g.,as depicted in user interface display 300 shown in FIG. 4). Controlsystem 400 calculates a scale at which at least two seeds 146, the fluidband length, and the offset distance may be displayed on a display ofuser interface 406. Using this scale, control system 400 scales graphicswhich represent the spray band length and the offset length such thatthe graphics displayed by user interface 406 depicting this informationare to scale. In alternative embodiments, the scale is determined toallow for the display of three seeds 146. The resulting display showsthe distance between seeds 146, the fluid band length, and the offsetdistance at scale. This allows an operator to quickly and easilydetermine the relationship between seeds 146 and fluid F as will beapplied given the current parameters of row unit 114 and/or planter 112.The operator may then alter one or more parameters to achieve a desiredapplication of fluid F relative to seeds 146. For example, the operatormay adjust a speed of planter 112, a pressure of fluid F delivered tonozzle assembly 178, operation of valve 182 (e.g., timing, openingpercentage, and/or other parameters), change a spray nozzle 234, and/orotherwise adjust other parameters of row unit 114 and/or planter 112.

In one embodiment, control system 400 determines the spray band lengthof fluid F, e.g., squirt length, using the information received fromuser interface 406. Control system 400 determines a volume of fluid F tobe applied per seed 146 by calculating the quotient of the volume offluid F per acre and the number of seeds (e.g., population) per acre.Control system 400 calculates the time valve 182 (shown in FIG. 2)remains open to dispense the volume of fluid F per seed 146 based on themain pressure and the known geometry and/or other characteristics ofspray tip 234 of nozzle 180 (e.g., the area of the opening of spray tip234, length and friction loss of spray tip 234, and/or otherinformation). Control system 400 calculates the flow rate of fluidthrough nozzle 180 using known relationships between pressure and fluidflow rate, such as Bernoulli's equation, and calculates the time thatvalve 182 remains open by dividing the volume of fluid F per seed 146 bythe flow rate. For example, control system 400 calculates the velocityof fluid F through nozzle 180 by taking the square root of the productof 2 and the quotient of main pressure and the density of fluid F.Control system 400 determines the flow rate of nozzle 180 by taking theproduct of the velocity of fluid F through nozzle 180 and the area ofspray tip 234. Control system 400 determines the duration of time duringwhich fluid F is sprayed by calculating the quotient of the volume offluid F per seed 146 and the flow rate of fluid F through nozzle 180.Control system 400 determines the spray band length of fluid F by takingthe product of the duration of time during which fluid F is sprayed andthe velocity, e.g., speed, of row unit 114 and/or planter 112. Inalternative embodiments, control system 400 calculates the spray bandlength using the area of nozzle 180 rather than the area of spray tip234.

In some embodiments, control system 400 further applies a scaling factorto determine the spray band length. For example, control system 400determines an initial spray band length using the technique describedabove. Control system 400 determines the spray band length of fluid F bytaking the product of the initial spray band length and the scalingfactor. The scaling factor modifies the initial spray band length toaccount for factors such as a check valve included in valve assembly 178and/or spraying assembly 210, spray tip 234 included in valve assembly178, and/or other factors. The scaling factor may be selected based onspecific equipment parameters (e.g., identification by the operator ofthe type of spray tip 234 using user interface 406). For example, andwithout limitation, the scaling factor may be less than 1, greater than1, within a range from 0.5 to 2, or any other suitable value. In someembodiments, the scaling factor is 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, or 2.0.

In some embodiments, control system 400 accounts for a type of spray tip234 and/or parameters describing the spray pattern produced by spray tip234 in determining the velocity of fluid F, the spray band length,and/or the scaling factor. For example, control system 400 usesinformation about spray tip 234 received from user interface 406 andentered by an operator (e.g., using page 601 shown in FIG. 7).

In alternative embodiments, other suitable techniques are used tocalculate or otherwise determine the squirt length of fluid F. Forexample, control system 400 may use a look up table and the receivedinformation to determine the squirt length of fluid F.

Control system 400 also determines a distance between seeds 146 in asingle furrow 138 (shown in FIG. 2). Control system 400 determines thedistance between seeds based on the population of seeds, number of rows,and the planter width. For example, control system 400 determines thequotient of the population of seeds and the number of rows (e.g.,determined based on the planter width). The distance between seeds 146,e.g., the seed spacing, is a function of seed population and rowspacing.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary process 500 for determining a spray bandlength of fluid F and determining a position of the spray of fluid Frelative to seed 146 (shown in FIG. 2), e.g., the offset distancebetween seed 146 and the coverage of fluid F on the ground. Controlsystem 400 (shown in FIG. 5) receives 502 volume information (e.g.,fluid volume information and/or seed volume information) from userinterface 406 (shown in FIG. 5). Volume information is information thatcontrol system 400 uses to determine the volume of fluid F to be sprayedon or adjacent to each seed, plant, or other target (e.g., using one ormore of the techniques described herein). Volume information is alsoinformation that control system 400 uses to determine the distancebetween seeds 146 (e.g., using one or more of the techniques describedherein). For example, volume information includes a seed population inthousands of seeds per acre, a number of rows to be sprayed, planterwidth in inches, an application rate in gallons per acre, and/or otherinformation. Control system 400 receives 504 main pressure informationfrom user interface 406. Main pressure information is information thatdescribes, or is used by control system 400 to determine, a pressure atwhich fluid F is supplied to nozzle assembly 178 (shown in FIG. 2). Forexample, main pressure information includes a pressure in pounds persquare inch of fluid F in manifold 236 (shown in FIG. 3) that suppliesnozzle assembly 178. Control system 400 receives 506 speed informationfrom user interface 406. Speed information is information that describesthe speed of row unit 114 and/or planter 112. For example, speedinformation is a speed in miles per hour. Control system 400 receives508 a distance of fluid F from seed 146 (e.g., an offset distance). Thisoffset distance is used by control system 400 to determine the distancebetween fluid F, as applied, and seed 146. Control system 400 may alsouse this information to control valve assembly 178 to spray fluid F suchthat fluid F, as applied, is offset from seed 146 by the specifieddistance (e.g., using one or more of the techniques described herein).

Based on at least the volume information, main pressure information, andspeed information, control system 400 calculates 510, or otherwisedetermines, a fluid squirt length of fluid F (e.g., the length of fluidF as applied to the ground). Control system 400 uses one or more of thetechniques described herein to determine the squirt length. For example,control system 400 determines a volume of fluid F to be applied per seed146 by calculating the quotient of the volume of fluid F per acre andthe number of seeds (e.g., population) per acre. Control system 400calculates the time valve 182 (shown in FIG. 2) remains open to dispensethe volume of fluid F per seed 146 based on the volume of fluid F perseed, the main pressure, and the known geometry and/or othercharacteristics of spray tip 234 or nozzle 180 (e.g., the area of theopening of spray tip 234, length and friction loss of spray tip 234,and/or other information). Control system 400 then calculates the sprayband length (e.g., squirt length) based on the time valve 182 remainsopen and the speed information (e.g., velocity of row unit 114 and/orplanter 112).

Control system 400 displays 512 the fluid squirt length and fluidposition relative to at least one seed 146, plant or other target usinguser interface 406. The fluid position relative to seed 146 (e.g.,offset distance) is determined by control system 400 using the input ofdistance of fluid F from seed 146 and the fluid squirt length. In someembodiments, control system 400 displays the fluid squirt length andoffset distance relative to a plurality of seeds 146. The distancebetween seeds 146 is determined, as described herein, based on thevolume information received from user interface 406. In someembodiments, control system 400 displays the fluid squirt length andoffset distance at scale. This allows an operator to visually determinethe relationship between multiple seeds 146 and fluid F as applied toseeds 146.

Referring now to FIG. 7, user interface display 300 (shown in FIG. 4)includes page 601 for receiving tip calibration information and/orperforming a tip calibration of spray tip 234 (shown in FIG. 3). Anoperator may navigate to page 601 using system toolbar 336 and/ornavigation toolbar 334.

Page 601 includes a plurality of fields 602, 604, 606, 608, and 610.Page 601 further includes status graphic 612 and start/stop buttons 614.Tip size field 602 receives information from an operator whichidentifies the size of spray tip 234. For example, tip size field 602receives a tip size in dimensionless units. The tip size may be anindustry standard describing spray tip 234 and/or otherwise describesthe tip size of spray tip 234. Catch volume field 604 receivesinformation from an operator which identifies a catch volume associatedwith spray tip 234. For example, the catch volume may correspond to asingle spray from spray tip 234 in ounces. Estimated pulses field 606 isnot editable. Estimated pulses field 606 displays estimated pulses whichare a catch volume and/or volume per seed 146. For example, 0 to 1ounces, 0.01 to 0.1 ounces, greater than one ounce, 0.01 ounces, 0.02ounces, 0.03 ounces, 0.04 ounces, 0.1 ounces, or any other amount offluid F may be applied per seed 146. The estimated pulses field 606value is determined, by control system 400 (shown in FIG. 5), based atleast on the tip size and catch volume (e.g., known catch volume or acatch volume determined by calibration as described below). It may alsobe determined using population, application rate, pressure set point,and/or target speed information (e.g., entered in and carried over frompage 301 shown in FIG. 4).

Captured volume field 608 allows an operator to calibrate a specificspray tip 234. For example, captured volume field allows an operator toenter a captured volume amount in ounces corresponding to a spray fromspray tip 234. The spray is initiated using start/stop buttons 614 whichcause nozzle assembly 178 (shown in FIG. 2) to spray one spray of fluidF from spray tip 234. Status field 612 displays whether or not nozzleassembly 178 is spraying. System pressure field 616 shows the pressureof nozzle assembly 178 in pounds per square inch. This is the pressurefor which spray tip 234 is calibrated. Based on the captured volume,system pressure, and/or other information, control system 400 determinesa new calibration percentage shown in product calibration field 610.Product calibration field 610 may also allow an operator to manuallyenter a calibration percentage. Control system 400 uses the calibrationpercentage in determining other parameters related to nozzle assembly178, row unit 114, and/or planter 112 (e.g., as discussed with referenceto FIG. 5). In alternative embodiments, tip calibration as describedherein uses more than one spray or pulse of fluid F from spray tip 234.For example, start/stop buttons 614 initiate a predetermined number of aplurality of sprays/pulses from spray tip 234. Using the number ofsprays/pulses and the total captured volume, spray tip 234 is calibratedusing a plurality of sprays/pulses.

In alternative embodiments, some information is measured, received fromother systems, or determined. For example, main pressure information maybe measured using one or more pressure sensors. Speed information may bemeasured, received from another control system or a subsystem of controlsystem 400 of planter 112, or determined from other information.

Although seed planting and agricultural spraying system 112 is describedherein with reference to spraying seeds 146, planter 112 may generallybe utilized to spray any suitable type of plant and/or plant precursor,such as seeds, seedlings, transplants, encapsulated tissue culturesand/or any other suitable plant precursors. In some embodiments, planter112 may not plant seed 146 and/or may not be configured to plant seeds146, and instead may be configured to spray fluid F on and/or adjacentto existing seeds, plants, or other targets.

Embodiments of the methods and systems described may more efficientlyapply fluids to surfaces compared to prior methods and systems. Forexample, the systems and methods described provide for determination ofa spray band length and offset distance relative to a target. Moreover,the system facilitates conveyance of this information to an operatorthrough use of a user interface system.

Some embodiments involve the use of one or more electronic or computingdevices. Such devices typically include a processor, processing device,or controller, such as a general purpose central processing unit (CPU),a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a reducedinstruction set computer (RISC) processor, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic circuit (PLC), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processing (DSP)device, and/or any other circuit or processing device capable ofexecuting the functions described herein. The methods described hereinmay be encoded as executable instructions embodied in a computerreadable medium, including, without limitation, a storage device and/ora memory device. Such instructions, when executed by a processingdevice, cause the processing device to perform at least a portion of themethods described herein. The above examples are exemplary only, andthus are not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaningof the term processor and processing device.

When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferredembodiment(s) thereof, the articles “a”, “an”, “the” and “the” areintended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms“comprising”, “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive andmean that there may be additional elements other than the listedelements. Moreover, the use of “top”, “bottom”, “above”, “below” andvariations of these terms is made for convenience, and does not requireany particular orientation of the components.

As various changes could be made in the above without departing from thescope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in theabove description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall beinterpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

1-22. (canceled)
 23. A spraying system for spraying a fluid comprising:a nozzle configured to spray the fluid on or adjacent to a target; avalve connected in fluid communication with the nozzle and configured tocontrol fluid flow through the nozzle in response to receiving a controlsignal; a sensor configured to transmit a detection signal upondetection of the target; a user interface configured to receiveapplication rate information and target population information from anoperator; and a control system communicatively coupled to the userinterface, the sensor, and the valve, the control system configured to:determine a specific volume of fluid per target to be dispensed by thevalve based on the application rate information and the targetpopulation information input to the user interface; and transmit thecontrol signal to the valve at least in part in response to receivingthe detection signal, wherein the control signal actuates the valve suchthat the determined specific volume of fluid per target is sprayed bythe nozzle on or adjacent to the target.
 24. The spray system of claim23, wherein the control system is configured to determine the specificvolume of fluid per target by calculating the quotient of theapplication rate information and the target population information,wherein the application rate information is a volume of fluid per area,and wherein the target population information is a number of targets perarea.
 25. The spraying system of claim 23, wherein the sensor is atleast one of: a beam break sensor, positioned to detect seeds dispensedby a seed tube; and a camera.
 26. The spraying system of claim 23,wherein the target is at least one of a seed, a seedling, a transplant,or an encapsulated tissue culture.
 27. The spraying system of claim 23,wherein the fluid is at least one of a fertilizer, a pesticide, aninsecticide, a fungicide, a growth promoter, or growth regulator. 28.The spraying system of claim 23, wherein the control system is furtherconfigured to determine a spray duration that the valve is opened toachieve the specific volume of fluid per target, based on the specificvolume of fluid per target and a determined flow rate of fluid throughthe nozzle.
 29. The spraying system of claim 28, wherein the controlsystem is further configured to determine a spray band length of fluidto be dispensed from the nozzle based on the spray duration and a travelspeed of the spraying system, wherein the user interface displays agraphic representation of the determined spray band length relative tothe target.
 30. The spraying system of claim 29, wherein the controlsystem is further configured to determine an offset distance of thespray band length from the target, wherein the user interface displays agraphic representation of the offset distance relative to the target.31. The spraying system of claim 30, wherein the user interface isconfigured to display the spray band length and the offset distance toscale relative to a distance between two adjacent targets, the userinterface further configured to display two images corresponding to thetwo adjacent targets a distance apart at the same scale.
 32. A methodfor applying fluid on or adjacent to a target using a spraying systemincluding a nozzle and a valve connected in fluid communication with thenozzle, the method comprising: receiving, at a control systemcommunicatively coupled to the valve, target population information andapplication rate information from a user interface communicativelycoupled to the control system; determining, by the control system, aspecific volume of fluid per target to be dispensed by the nozzle basedat least in part on the target population information and theapplication rate information received from the user interface;receiving, at the control system, a detection signal from a sensor, thedetection signal transmitted in response to the sensor detecting thetarget; and controlling, using the control system, actuation of thevalve at least in part in response to receiving the detection signalsuch that the determined specific volume of fluid per target is sprayedby the nozzle on or adjacent to the target.
 33. The method of claim 32,wherein determining the specific volume of fluid per target furthercomprises calculating the quotient of the application rate informationand the target population information, wherein the application rateinformation is a volume of fluid per area, and wherein the targetpopulation information is a number of targets per area.
 34. The methodof claim 32 further comprising determining a spray duration that thevalve is opened to achieve the specific volume of fluid per target,based on the specific volume of fluid per target and a determined flowrate of fluid through the nozzle.
 35. The method of claim 34 furthercomprising: determining, using the control system, a spray band lengthof fluid to be dispensed from the nozzle based on the spray duration anda travel speed of the spraying system; and displaying, on the userinterface, a graphic representation of the determined spray band lengthrelative to the target.
 36. The method of claim 35 further comprising:determining, using the control system, an offset distance of the sprayband length from the target; and displaying, on the user interface, agraphic representation of the offset distance relative to the target.37. The method of claim 36, wherein displaying the graphicrepresentation of the spray band length and the offset distancecomprises displaying the graphic representation to scale relative to adistance between two adjacent targets, and displaying two imagescorresponding to the adjacent targets a distance apart at the samescale.
 38. A planter system for planting seeds and spraying a fluid, theplanter system comprising: a seeder assembly including a seed meterconfigured to dispense seeds through a seed tube; a nozzle configured tospray the fluid on or adjacent to a target seed; a valve connected influid communication with the nozzle and configured to control fluid flowthrough the nozzle in response to receiving a control signal; a sensorconfigured to transmit a detection signal upon detection of the targetseed; a user interface configured to receive application rateinformation and seed population information from an operator; and acontrol system communicatively coupled to the user interface, thesensor, and the valve, the control system configured to: determine aspecific volume of fluid per seed to be dispensed by the nozzle based onthe application rate information and the seed population informationinput to the user interface; and transmit the control signal to thevalve at least in part in response to receiving the detection signal,wherein the control signal actuates the valve such that the determinedspecific volume of fluid per seed is sprayed by the nozzle on oradjacent to the target seed dispensed from the planter system.
 39. Theplanter system of claim 38, wherein the control system is configured todetermine the specific volume of fluid per seed by calculating thequotient of the application rate information and the seed populationinformation, wherein the application rate information is a volume offluid per area, and wherein the seed population information is a numberof seeds per area.
 40. The planter system of claim 38, wherein thecontrol system is further configured to determine a spray duration thatthe valve is opened to achieve the specific volume of fluid per seed,based on the specific volume of fluid per seed and a determined flowrate of fluid through the nozzle.
 41. The planter system of claim 40,wherein the control system is further configured to determine a sprayband length of fluid to be dispensed from the nozzle based on the sprayduration and a travel speed of the planter system, wherein the userinterface displays a graphic representation of the determined spray bandlength relative to the target.
 42. The planter system of claim 41,wherein the control system is further configured to determine an offsetdistance of the spray band length from the target seed, wherein the userinterface displays a graphic representation of the offset distancerelative to the target seed.